![]() ![]() Miller, Computational Methods of Neutron Transport, American Nuclear Society, 1993, ISBN: 2-4. Hetrick, Dynamics of Nuclear Reactors, American Nuclear Society, 1993, ISBN: 3-2. Neuhold, Introductory Nuclear Reactor Dynamics, American Nuclear Society, 1985, ISBN: 9-4. In statistical physics, entropy is a measure of the disorder of a system. Bezella, Introductory Nuclear Reactor Statics, American Nuclear Society, Revised edition (1989), 1989, ISBN: 3-2. In thermodynamics and statistical physics, entropy is a quantitative measure of disorder, or of the energy in a system to do work. Department of Energy, Nuclear Physics and Reactor Theory. DOE Fundamentals Handbook, Volume 1 and 2. January 1993. Entropy is considered to be an extensive property of matter that is expressed in terms of energy divided by temperature. Robert Reed Burn, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Operation, 1988.Physics of Nuclear Kinetics. Addison-Wesley Pub. Nuclear and Particle Physics. Clarendon Press 1 edition, 1991, ISBN: 978-0198520467 The units of entropy are JK1mol1, which means that joules of energy are unavailable per unit of heat (in Kelvin) per mol. Nuclear Reactor Engineering: Reactor Systems Engineering, Springer 4th edition, 1994, ISBN: 978-0412985317 Stacey, Nuclear Reactor Physics, John Wiley & Sons, 2001, ISBN: 0- 471-39127-1. ![]() Baratta, Introduction to Nuclear Engineering, 3d ed., Prentice-Hall, 2001, ISBN: 8-1. Lamarsh, Introduction to Nuclear Reactor Theory, 2nd ed., Addison-Wesley, Reading, MA (1983). The fact that the absolute value of specific entropy is unknown is not a problem, however, because it is the change in specific entropy (∆s) and not the absolute value that is important in practical problems. For example, the specific entropy of water or steam is given using the reference that the specific entropy of water is zero at 0.01☌ and normal atmospheric pressure, where s = 0.00 kJ/kg. Normally, the entropy of a substance is given with respect to some reference value. In general, specific entropy is a property of a substance, like pressure, temperature, and volume, but it cannot be measured directly. ![]() J/K) used for entropy in the thermodynamic definition follow from a historical association with heat transfer under temperature gradients, in other words, the definitions of temperature and entropy are intertwined, with entropy being the more fundamental property. Because entropy tells so much about the usefulness of an amount of heat transferred in performing work, the steam tables include values of specific entropy (s = S/m) as part of the information tabulated. The units of of energy over temperature (e.g. M = mass (kg) T-s diagram of Rankine CycleĮntropy quantifies the energy of a substance that is no longer available to perform useful work. It equals to the total entropy (S) divided by the total mass (m). The specific entropy (s) of a substance is its entropy per unit mass. Engineers use the specific entropy in thermodynamic analysis more than the entropy itself. The entropy can be made into an intensive, or specific, variable by dividing by the mass. ![]()
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